Essay on Culture of Poverty - 5571 Words

WORKING PAPER SERIES Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programs in Community Development Ted K. Bradshaw RPRC Working Paper No. 06-05 February, 2006 Rural Poverty Research Center http://www.rprconline.org/ Introduction Community development has a variety of strategies available to meet the needs of those persons and groups who are less advantaged, usually in poverty. Community developers help all communities, but their passion lies disproportionately with people who do not have adequate personal resources to meet their needs or with communities with large populations of people who need assistance. These people and communities receiving attention from community developers are extensively varied in most other respects than†¦show more content†¦The economic theory that the poor lack incentives for improving their own conditions is a recurrent theme in articles that blame the welfare system’s generosity on the perpetuation of poverty. In a Cato Journal article, economists Gwartney and McCaleb argue that the years of the war on poverty actually increased poverty (adjusted for noncash transfers) among working age adults in spite of unprecedented increases in welfare expenditures. They con clude that â€Å"the application of simple economic theory† suggests that the problem lies in the war on poverty programs: They [welfare programs] have introduced a perverse incentive structure, one that penalizes self-improvement and protects individuals against the consequences of their own bad choices. (1985: 7) This and similar arguments that cast the poor as a â€Å"moral hazard† also hold that â€Å"the problem of poverty continues to fester not because we are failing to do enough, but because we are doing too much that is counterproductive† (Gwartney and McCaleb 1985:15). Their economic model would solve poverty by assuring that the penalty of poverty was great enough that none would choose it (and welfare would be restricted to the truly disabled or otherwise unable to work). A less widely critiqued version of the individualistic theory of poverty comes from American values of individualism—the Horatio Alger myth that any individual can succeed by skills and hard work, and that motivationShow MoreRelatedEthnic Culture and Culture of Poverty: the Gypsy/Roma Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesConstructing a Gypsy National Culture whether the Gypsies are an ethnic culture or a culture of poverty. I would like to argue that the Gypsy identity is a product of traditional ethnic culture as well as the product of a marginalized social stratum. There are many aspects of gypsy ethnic culture to which can be contributed to the result of marginalization and sometimes those same ethnic cultural traits become stereotypes to which society justifies their stigmatization and poverty. Thus emerges a patternRead MoreEssay about The Culture of Poverty in America680 Words   |  3 PagesThe Culture Poverty America has always been a country known for their great integrity, diversity, financial prosperity and great pop culture. It has been a place many people have flocked to from many different parts of the world in order to escape their very own poverty struck countries in their quest to build a new life in America and hopefully become financially stable. In this article written by M. Harrington he pointed out some key factors discussing how America has not really changed fromRead MoreSelling in the Barrio: The Culture of Poverty Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesnegatively affected by poverty. Those in the lowest social class, while a mix of ethnicities, are predominantly minorities and affected the most. What stood out about Philippe Bourgeois’ is that he not only studies the people and their culture but he lived it with them. Mr. Bourgois spent two years with his wife and child living with the Puerto Rican’s in East Harlem, NY. He lived with them and became a friend to many of them with the hopes of providing an accurate analysis of their culture. While livingRead MoreSeeing And Making Culture : Representing The Poor By Bell Hooks Summary974 Words   |  4 PagesSophie Rice Patricia Verstrat ENG 106 October 8, 2017 Analysis Essay: Final Draft In Seeing and Making Culture: Representing the Poor, author Gloria Watkins under the pen-name Bell Hooks discusses the problem with the way poverty is depicted in the media in America. From her own personal experiences growing up poor, she has observed what the stigma surrounding poverty does to the underclass. Hooks points out how the media generates the idea that being poor means that one can’t live a meaningful lifeRead MoreSocial Class and Education1745 Words   |  7 Pagesidea. Democracy as it relates to education refers to the need to teach children how to be active and knowledgeable members in our democratic society. This preparation will lead them to live life in a way that promotes the good of the public. In an essay by John Dewey he discusses whether education is a public or private matter. Because the goal of democracy is education is to prepare students for society, I believe it is a public matter. By developing a school system that promotes democracy we wil lRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Seeing And Making Culture1053 Words   |  5 PagesInstr. Sarah McMahon Evelyn O’Brien Eng 122 8/30/15 Rhetorical Analysis I liked bell hook’s essay â€Å"Seeing and Making Culture: Representing the Poor†. Bell assesses the light in which higher class people view the poor or lower class. Bell hooks, also known as Gloria Watkins grew up in a small Kentucky town where her father worked as a janitor for the local post office. As one of seven children she was taught that money and material possessions did not make her a better person but hard-work honestyRead Morepoverty is a way of life for the poor that is passed down from generation to generation through the family1133 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"Poverty is a way of life for the poor that is passed down from generation to generation through the family.† Explain and assess this view. In this essay I will assess and explain the view that poverty is a way of life for the poor that is passed down from generation to generation through the family. Thus, firstly I will assess this view from the culture of poverty. Firstly, the idea of a culture of poverty was first introduced by Oscar Lewis. He developed the concept from his fieldwork amongRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book By Barbara Ehrenreich, Allan G. Johnson, And Austin Fuentes1466 Words   |  6 Pagessocial class. It affects how we react to certain beliefs or people. Barbara Ehrenreich, Allan G. Johnson, and Austin Fuentes all wrote an essay that examines how closely one factor can lead to labeling a person. Each author has creditability in understanding social issues as they have researched social issues and earned a degree for their knowledge. Each essay from these authors focuses on a different topic relating to how as a society label each concept. The writer’s audience is any individual thatRead MoreAnalyzing Violence and Crime in USA1357 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this essay is to investigate the causes of violence in America and look specifically at the youth of this country and the effects that are produced because of their behavior. Essentially, this essay will try to communicate how the proliferation of violence committed by American youth demonstrates tight connections among culture, media, and capitalism creating unique circumstances that result in excessive violence and rage relative to other youth around the world. This essay will first introduceRead MoreUnderstanding Of Society s Portrayal Of The Poor1565 Words   |  7 Pagesfocusing on bell hooks’ essay, â€Å"Seeing and Making Culture: Representing the Poor.† In the essay bell hooks tackles issues about misrepresentation of poor people in today’s society and how the media can skew reality. She notes that society sees the poor as people who are sub par and unimportant, as well as possessing fruitless qualities such as laziness, shame, dishonesty, and worthlessness. She primarily uses personal anecdotes to deliver her essay’s main argument along with pop culture references and the

Gender Stereotypes In The Crucible - 1336 Words

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible was written as a response to Senator Joseph McCarthy’s hunt for Communist sympathizers among the Hollywood elite of 1950s America. It made sense at the time for the Hollywood elite to become the targets of these accusations as they seemed to have the largest amount of influence over the people. Accordingly, when deciding upon how to approach the topic of the witch trials, Arthur Miller needed to target a specific group within the chosen society that would have the influence necessary to cause a commotion but could also seem believably involved in the events. Consequently, he chose to exploit the long-standing gender stereotype that women are more emotional than men and could, therefore, easily find themselves†¦show more content†¦In this scenario, it is easier to portray Abigail as emotionally unstable than John Proctor as it seems to sit better with audiences that a young girl would be more likely to act irrationally for the sake o f love than a man. Yet, this doesn’t seem to sit right at all when these tired and gendered stereotypes are set aside. John Proctor had been just as involved in the affair as Abigail and while he might not have as intense an emotional connection, he must feel something regarding their relationship. As it is written, it appears that he feels nothing at all except anger, which only comes as a reaction to Abigail’s over-emotional state. From here on, once the audience has established her to be excessively emotional, she becomes a pawn for Arthur Miller to use throughout the rest of the play to drive the hysteria of the witch hunt and, therefore, the plot along. Farther along in the play, in the midst of Act II, John and Elizabeth Proctor and Mary Warren are found speaking about the trials occurring in Salem at the present time. Mary tells them about what she witnessed that day and both Elizabeth and John begin to grow impatient with her stories, clearly frustrated with the outrageous turn the trials have taken. As Mary beings to get worked up about the entire situation, John becomes increasingly less tolerant and threatens MaryShow MoreRelatedIn Today’S Society Women May Have Their Full Rights, But902 Words   |  4 Pagesnot respected. They have more say so in their lives, but men overpower them with their leadership and hard-working techniques. In the Crucible women had a routine role. They were forced to go to church, cook, and clean for the house and family. Women also experienced beatings from the man in the house. The difference in women in the 1950s and the women in the crucible, is that many of the roles stay the same. Not m uch has really changed for the role of women. Only certain circumstances women had toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Crucible 848 Words   |  4 PagesLauren Fiori Ms. Yatco American Lit. Honors October 21st, 2014 Writing from Sources In the introduction to The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Christopher Bigsby describes a crucible as a severe test and applies the definition to the play. Bigsby also expresses that the tests and trials that occurred in Salem are not restricted to this specific historical time; furthermore, these are struggles that people have faced throughout time. Betrayal, denial, rash judgement, and self justification are some ofRead More M. Butterfly, Written by David Henry Hwang Essay800 Words   |  4 PagesAs a big crucible, the United States is well known for its multiplicity of races. In order to maintain the diversity, the American government not only receives people from different backgrounds, but also sends American to all over the world in order to learn from various cultures. Even though countries become increasingly closer in their relations, there still exists numerous stereotypes and negative labeling among multi-ethnic groups, which are most common between oriental and western. Along withRead MoreFemale Characters Of Women s The Crucible 1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe status of women continuously changes, however while going through the play The Crucible, women s’ social standing clearly acts as one of inferiority and subordination to male characters. This contributes greatly to the general structure of the storyline. The role of women taking place in the time of the Salem Witch Hunts in 1692, symbolizes the manipulative ways that female characters can become able to make their way to the top of society in the courts, held to a very high esteem. BackstabbingRead MoreFemale Characters Of Women s The Crucible 1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe status of women continuously changes, however while going through the play The Crucible, women s’ social standing clearly acts as one of inferiority and subordination to male characters. This contributes greatly to the general structure of the storyline. The role of women taking place in the time of the Salem Wi tch Hunts in 1692, symbolizes the manipulative ways that female characters can become able to make their way to the top of society in the courts, held to a very high esteem. BackstabbingRead MoreEssay on Excessive Themes in David Henry Hwangs M. Butterfly1303 Words   |  6 Pagesstimulated by the superficial layers of the play. Looking at the metaphor M. Butterfly, one is able to extract a vast spectrum of ideas which Hwang suggests, for example: East vs. West, man vs. woman, sexuality, power relations, race, gender, class, stereotypes, fantasy†¦ etcetera. Now, from a mathematical point of view the metaphor has many variables in the equation, making the problem much more difficult to solve. In other words, Hwangs butterfly metaphor is too ambitious and the audience canRead MoreFeminist Approach to Witchcraft; Case Study: Millers the Crucible6554 Words   |  27 PagesTitle: Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading Author(s): Wendy Schissel Publication Details: Modern Drama 37.3 (Fall 1994): p461-473. Source: Drama Criticism. Vol. 31. Detroit: Gale. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Bookmark: Bookmark this Document Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2008 Gale, Cengage Learning Title Re(dis)covering the Witches in Arthur Millers The Crucible: A Feminist Reading [(essay date fall 1994) In the followingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Gilded Age1348 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic depressions, railroad accidents, social and ethnic conflict, political corruption but affirms overwhelming optimism and the massive changes in technology and opportunity (ethnic, gender, everyone). 1 The Gilded Age was a time of immense change in America: â€Å"a new United States emerged out of a crucible of fire† 3 Edwards argues that the extensive reach and explosive growth postwar corporations was almost as destructive as the Civil War because of all the deaths suffered in railroad accidentsRead MoreThe Crucible; Belonging and Identity. Pans Labyrinth and the Company of Wolves as Related Texts1999 Words   |  8 PagesThe Crucible Discussion Notes. One’s belonging will always be entrenched in the ‘belonging’ established by another group; regardless of whether or not you wish to be a part of such a group. That is to say, even if it is your aim to find your sense of belonging totally outside of another group, the course of action required to achieve this belonging through not belonging will be influenced by the sense of belonging established by the group; in your wish to contrast that belonging. A less convolutedRead MoreThird Wave Feminism : First And Second Wave1813 Words   |  8 Pagesdemonstrated women of color by claiming Women s struggle is class struggle. Feminists spoke of women as a social class and coined phrases such as the personal is political and identity politics in an effort to demonstrate that race, class, and gender oppression are all related. This lead to the failure of second wave feminism and brought among a postfeminist era. As a result, third wave feminism criticized earlier feminist w aves for presenting universal answers or definitions of womanhood and

Improving Listening Skill Free Essays

NGO TH? THUY DUNG DH27AV03 TOPIC: IMPROVING LISTENING SKILL FOR SECOND-YEAR STUDENTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE FA CULITY IN BANKING UNIVERSITY abstract introduction literature review History of listening english skill A brief review of literature related to language listening english methods shows that â€Å"leran more about this in smart talk- a comprehensive set of tools to help you build stronger relationships and overcome communication obstacles† (Lisa B. Marshall,2012. P. We will write a custom essay sample on Improving Listening Skill or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4) In real-life listening situations(Louanne Piccolo,2012,para 1) most of the spoken language we listen to is informal, spontaneous and can contain many features like slurred speech, colloquial vocabulary and incorrect grammar. Listeners usually know in advance something about what is going to be said as they expect to hear something relevant to the context in which they find themselves. Speakers usually direct what they are saying at the listener and take the listener’s character and intentions into account when speaking. Naturally, listeners are normally speakers as well as we usually respond to what we are listening to by taking part in the conversation or by answering questions. A small amount of the listening we do is done blindly through listening to the radio or talking on the phone. However, most of the time, there is something or someone to look at that is linked to what is being said. Listening in the Classroom is not the same as real-life listening but is as realistic a simulation of real-life listening as possible. Listening activities should be training students and preparing them for effective functioning outside the classroom. They should also provide students with practice in coping with some features of real-life situations. Types of Listening Activities No overt response activities: Students do not have to do anything in response to the listening text. Often students’ facial expression and body language will betray what they have understood. Activities of this type include storytelling, listening to songs or watching movies and videos. Short response activities: Students don’t only have to give responses verbally but can also respond by performing a task in response to instructions, ticking off items on a worksheet as they hear them being said, ticking off true/false answers in response to statements or writing down missing words from cloze exercises. Long response activities: Students can engage in answering questions verbally about a listening text, taking notes from a mini-lecture by rewriting what you said in different words to the ones you used or writing a brief summary of a listening text. ( Larry M. Lynch,2000, para. 2) Study exploring listening english methods Slow your listening down. Take a minute to breathe and think about listening and to be aware and present. Listen from your head to your toes. Listen as if what you are hearing could change your life. Factoid: We speak an average of 120 words per minute, but listen four times faster. Your mind fills the gap by thinking of other things and wandering off. Stay focused. Slow down your listening and listen more than you talk. Pay attention. Watch out for shiny objects! Stay focused. Don’t get distracted, but rather offer a statement of observation. For example: say, â€Å"It sounds like you’re angry† (or sad/upset/frustrated, etc. ). Listen and watch for the tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions of the person you’re talking to. (fred crane, 2000, p. 1) Get clarification. Listen first, then, ask questions. Find a way to understand their story – their facts, their feelings, and their perceptions. Say, â€Å"Tell me more,† or clarify by saying, â€Å"help me understand,† or â€Å"do you mean to say that†¦? † If you still don’t understand, ask again in a different way. Sometimes you may need to ask for different words. My daughter may say something like, â€Å"the thing didn’t work and it’s just not fair! † I may have to ask her to find a different word to use for â€Å"thing† to understand what she is trying to communicate. Paraphrase. Repeat in your own words what was said to make sure you understand. Try this paraphrasing technique: â€Å"What I hear you saying is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"So you are saying that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And then check for understanding. Say, â€Å"Is that right? † After listening carefully, respond genuinely. Don’t fake it. An insincere response is worse than no response. Give non-verbal communication. Use eye contact and head nods to show your concern and interest. And, here’s a tip: a response that demonstrates you really weren’t listening is not a good response. A simple change in the way we listen will change the way we understand and how we respond. Active listening will increase the odds of success at understanding what the real issue is. This may take some practice, but you will get better at it, and it may even transform a relationship or two. ( Betty Lochner on August 11, 2011) How to cite Improving Listening Skill, Essay examples